BRAF and melanoma: Targeted therapies (e.g., BRAF/MEK inhibitors) are used for melanoma with BRAF mutation; meanwhile, immunotherapies enhance the body’s immune response against cancer cells, with ipilimumab blocking CTLA-4, nivolumab and pembrolizumab as PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors, and relatlimab being used as a LAG-3 checkpoint inhibitor [16].