APOBEC1 and atherosclerosis: To further characterize the mechanism and role of FAP in ECM remodeling and the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis, we compared the expression levels of Fap in atherosclerotic plaques from Apobec1 −/− Ldlr −/− double-knockout −/− mice to other markers of activated vascular smooth muscle cells, ECM turnover and inflammation, modulating the process of atherosclerosis.