ATG12 and Parkinson disease: To investigate whether epicoccin A co-treatments alleviate PD-like conditions via regulating mitophagy, we assayed the expressions of mitophagy-related genes, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (pink1), E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (parkin), mitophagy-related gene 7 and 12 (atg7 and atg12), unc-51-like mitophagy activating kinase 1b (ulk1b), beclin1, activating molecule in beclin1-regulated autophagy (ambra1a), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (lc3b) [9].