SOD1 and columnar cell hyperplasia of the breast: Edaravone treatment significantly attenuates CCH-induced spatial and fear memory impairment. It reduces oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of antioxidants (e.g., SOD, HO-1) and decreasing the level of oxidative stress markers (e.g., MDA, LDH, ROS). Moreover, edaravone restored synaptic integrity by increasing the production of key hippocampal proteins and improving the phosphorylation of others critical for memory-related signals.