INS and vitiligo: According to the molecular landscape observed and suggestive of IR, the vitiligo cells maintained a tendency of staying in a chronic hyperphosphorylated state of IRS1-Ser612 under Ins/IGF-1 stimulation (Figure 2C), The high basal level of IRS phosphorylation corresponds to a limited potential for further activation, which explains the blunted insulin response in the vitiligo cells.