TNF and vitiligo: Thus, to verify if Ins and IGF-1 evoke a pro-inflammatory feature in vitiligo keratinocytes and the possible role in immunopathogenesis, we quantified the amount of several secreted interleukins that demonstrated increased quantities of CXCL10, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1α, IL1-β, and TNFα (Figure 5A).