Tumor-based biomarkers, derived from tumor tissue, provide insights into oligometastatic behavior, with genetic mutations (e.g., KRAS, BRAF, TP53, and SMAD4) and microRNAs (e.g., the miR-200 family and 14q32 miRNAs) linked to prognosis and treatment response. Here, SMAD4 is linked to neoplasm.