• Males exhibit a higher prevalence of T-ALL (83%) and B-ALL (89%) and increased central nervous system involvement, particularly in B-ALL (22% of cases, mostly in males) compared to T-ALL (4% of cases) [50].• Females show a higher frequency of early B-phenotype ALL associated with elevated cell counts [51], which contrasts with the general findings in [50] of a higher overall B-ALL prevalence in males (89%).• RASSF2 SNP (rs7704443): The minor allele (G) of this SNP was found to be significantly more frequent in males with childhood ALL, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.7 (95% CI = 1.3–2.2) [52]. This evidence concerns the gene RASSF2 and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.