MMP9 and diabetes mellitus: The expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the DM group was significantly upregulated compared to that in the control group (Figures 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), 5(d), 5(e), 5(f)).