RBP4 binds to toll-like receptor 4 on muscle cells, triggering nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways, promoting inflammatory gene transcription and contributing to insulin resistance (Flores-Cortez et al., 2022). The gene discussed is RBP4; the disease is Insulin resistance.