STAT1 and brain ischemia: In addition, this combination not only inhibits inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation, thereby reducing nuclear translocation of NF-κB and suppressing downstream inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α and ICAM-1 mRNA) within the NF-κB signaling pathway but also mitigates phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), suppressing activation of the JAK1/STAT1 pathway to enhance inflammatory response inhibition post-cerebral ischemia.