In diabetic nephropathy models, the AS-IV group showed significantly reduced expressions of GRP78 and IRE-1α, key ERS regulators, resulting in suppression of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation, downregulation of NF-κB p65 and IL-1β, and subsequent inflammation and podocyte apoptosis mitigation in diabetic nephropathy rats (Sun et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and diabetic kidney disease.