IL2 and neoplasm: Upon activation of TCR and CD28, transient phosphorylation of ZAP70 and PI3K/AKT would first occur and lead to downstream cascaded activation of ERK and NF-κB (Figures 2A–G), which can promote the production and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ by T cells to enhance anti-tumor cytotoxicity (Figures 2H, I).