TLR4 and autoimmune disease: It can also reduce the protein and mRNA levels of the TLR4 and NF-κB pathways in the cartilage tissue of collagen-induced arthritis mice, inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, reduce the inflammatory response, and treat autoimmune diseases (Li et al., 2021; Shen et al., 2021; Xie and Li, 2022).