GPT and chronic kidney disease: Supplementary Table 3 presents liver and kidney conditions across different flavan-3-ols intake groups, showing that the T3 group had lower ALT and AST levels, but no significant differences in liver diseases (fatty liver/viral hepatitis), serum creatinine, or chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence. US-FLI was used to assess fatty liver (38), and eGFR was calculated based on the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation (39). Additionally, Supplementary Figure 1 illustrates the Pearson correlation coefficients among the major monomers.