SERPINA1 and infection: This investigation revealed that EED biomarker levels exhibited no significant differencesbetween Bangladeshi adults infected with EAEC or tEPEC and those without such infections (Supplementary Table S2, Graph SG1 And Graph SG2), indicating that these pathogens may not substantially affect EED responses as assessed by MPO, NEO, AAT, Calprotectin, and REG1B in this population.