TNF and osteoarthritis: This antioxidant collapse fostered conditions conducive to ferroptosis, which were further exacerbated by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, which in turns upregulated iron importers, such as TfR1, while concurrently suppressing FPN1, as shown in osteoarthritis studies (Wang et al., 2023; Jing et al., 2021).