Previous studies have demonstrated that many neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment are affected by CXCR1- and CXCR2-activating ligands produced by tumor cells, which induce the production of NETs to shield immune cells (CD8+ T cells and NK cells) from exposure to tumor cells, thereby preventing tumor cells from being killed by immune cells and facilitating tumor metastasis (27, 44). Here, CXCR1 is linked to neoplasm.