AKT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It was demonstrated that endurance exercise can upregulate synaptic plasticity-associated proteins in the hippocampus of T2DM rats, presumably via the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK/SIRT1 signalling pathways and inhibition of the NFκB/NLRP3/IL-1β signalling pathway [130].