TNF and endometriosis: However, ω-3 PUFAs appeared to reduce the inflammatory response in patients with endometriosis (MD = -5.20, 95 % CI -6.21--4.20, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %, z = 10.13, p < 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Based on the available evidence, ω-3 PUFAs may reduce the inflammatory response in patients with endometriosis, specifically by decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1, indicating potential anti-inflammatory properties that warrant further investigation.<h4>Trial registration</h4>PROSPERO: CRD42023441699.