described a novel epigenetic modification known as lactylation, which is derived from the cellular metabolite lactate.[11] The cumulative data indicate that Kla is sensitive to lactate production via glycolysis.[11, 12, 14] Consistently, we found that the Kla modification of proteins in the penumbra was induced in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia, paralleling changes in brain lactate. The gene discussed is KL; the disease is brain ischemia.