Interestingly, the TM4SF1, ANXA1 and LOX genes have been identified in a fibroblast cluster for good prognosis in bladder cancer (Wang et al., 2024) and are seen as therapeutic targets for fibrosis (Chen et al., 2019; Yan et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene TM4SF1 and urinary bladder carcinoma.