MB and acute kidney injury: The progression of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI after the release of myoglobin from muscle cells is mediated by three distinct pathways: disruption of tubular function, damage to tubular epithelial cells due to oxidative stress, and constriction of renal blood vessels ( Holt and Moore, 2000; Panizo et al., 2015; Zager, 1989).