CDKN2B-AS1 and endothelial dysfunction: For example, we have shown in DR, that ANRIL regulates VEGF (33, 34), H19 inhibits inflammatory responses and prevents endothelial dysfunction (28), HOTAIR promotes angiogenesis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (29), and MALAT1 regulates inflammation via modulation of epigenetic regulators (27).