Additionally, studies have shown that the increase in immune cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the myocardial tissue of HCM patients may contribute to the development and progression of myocardial fibrosis in HCM (31). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Myocardial fibrosis.