Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in angiogenesis and the progression of ROP, contributing to enhanced vascular permeability, neovascularization, and the proliferation of pathological endothelial cells (Movsas and Muthusamy, 2020; Robbins et al., 1998). Here, VEGFA is linked to retinopathy of prematurity.