Ginseng and its functional components reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in animals of NAFLD disease model and improved glucose homeostasis, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in the organism (Cui et al., 2023; Kim K. et al., 2024; Li et al., 2022d). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.