HLA-C and autoimmune disease: Humanized mouse models have been widely used in the last decade for the study of human infectious diseases, cancers, and autoimmune diseases and for in vivo validation of new therapeutic approaches, including drugs, vaccines, and immunotherapy, thereby emerging as a new gold standard model in translational research (22–24) despite limitations due to the presence of mouse MHC, differences in growth factors and cytokines required for immune system development, and deficiencies in the development and organization of lymph nodes (25).