PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Furthermore, the roles of key mediators like Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) in lipid metabolism, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) in fibrosis, nitric oxide (NO) in redox signaling, and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) which are implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis, has been assessed.