TB is often an under-recognized pathological factor in colorectal cancer, but its importance is underscored by studies showing that high-grade TB correlates with upregulation of negative regulatory immune checkpoints (PD-L1, TIM-3) and chemokine receptors (CXCR2, CXCR4) (28), which are associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (29). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and metastasis.