Activation of GLP-1R also promotes beta cell survival, inhibits gastric emptying, regulates food intake, and reduces appetite (de Graaf et al., 2016; Drucker and Holst, 2023), making it a key pharmacological target for various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity (El Eid et al., 2022; Miller et al., 2014). Here, GLP1R is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.