CCL17 has consistently shown the most significant negative correlation with the relative change in %FVC at 1 year in patients with ILD (rho = -0.42, P = 2.79 × 10− 4) and especially in those with non-IPF-ILD (rho = -0.59, P = 2.80 × 10− 4) (Fig. 3A and B). Here, CCL17 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.