APP and Alzheimer disease: Some of the most common mouse models of AD stemmed from the identification of specific mutations in the human APP gene, such as the Swedish (APPK670N/M671L) and Indiana (APPV717F) mutations, and in the PSEN1 gene encoding presenilin 1, a component of γ-secretase, for example, the J20 mouse line (APPK670N/M671L and APPV717F) and the APP/PS1 transgenic mice [146, 152].