A significant reduction in BM cellularity (Supplementary Fig. 11B), leukemia burden in PB (Fig. 6B) and leukemia (Fig. 6C), as well as LSC (CD34+CD38− and CD34+CD38+ cells) burden was observed in end-study organs of CLL1CART-treated mice compared to negative controls (Fig. 6D–F and Supplementary Fig. 11C) after sequential treatment with CLL1CART. This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and leukemia.