Similar to the NSCLC validation cohort (Fig S11), patients with TET2-mutant CHIP from the pan-cancer cohort had the highest frequency of TI-CH (33%, 381/1191), followed by ASXL1-mutant (32%, 124/392), DNMT3A-mutant (25%, 926/3,753), and PPM1D-mutant CHIP (13%, 83/622) (Fig S24). This evidence concerns the gene PPM1D and cancer.