In contrast to the placebo group, MIT treatment per se enhanced DDR signaling (as measured by γH2AX) and caused cell death particularly apoptosis (as measured by caspase 3 cleavage (CCL), an apoptosis marker) in cancer cells, when apigenin was combined with MIT, while the administration of apigenin alone triggered neither alteration, implying limited effectiveness of apigenin when used as a single agent for tumor treatment (Figure 6F–H). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is cancer.