TNF and neoplasm: LITT produced a significant and more prolonged heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 response in a murine model of colorectal liver metastases compared to the control untreated liver tissue, HSP70 can serve as a DAMP and enhance the activation of T cells; additionally, LITT induced a persistent increase in Kupffer cell activity in the liver and tumor tissues, which present tumor-associated antigens to T cells and secrete a variety of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, which enhance the systemic immune response (119).