TLR3 and viral infectious disease: The innate immune system constitutes the primary defense against viral infections, employing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) (13, 14), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) (15, 16), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) (17–20) to recognize viral elements and activate antiviral responses.