IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis: However, anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) therapies adapted from RA treatments have shown limited success in OA (Chevalier et al., 2009; Cohen et al., 2011; Fleischmann et al., 2019; Kloppenburg et al., 2018; 2019), with debates surrounding IL-1β′s role in OA (Chevalier et al., 2009; Cohen et al., 2011; Fleischmann et al., 2019; Kloppenburg et al., 2018; 2019).