Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) (Li R. et al., 2023; Mata-Haro et al., 2007; Cui et al., 2014), a detoxified derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acts as a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist and has been shown to enhance dendritic cell (DC) maturation, promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentiate the activation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and neoplasm.