AKT1 and colitis: Additional tests involving simultaneous treatment with ACZF and the PI3K activator YS-49 in a radiation colitis model demonstrated that ACZF’s suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway, along with its impact on epithelial TJ protein expression and inflammatory marker levels in the colon mucosa, could be reversed (Figures 6b, c), confirming that ACZF ameliorates colitis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway.