PINK1 and Parkinson disease: 37]. demonstrated that the E3 ligase MID1 induces IFNAR2 to undergo both K48‐ and K63‐linked polyubiquitination, which promotes its degradation by lysosome‐dependent pathways. This suggests that the K48/K63‐linked ubiquitination is a multifaceted process, and the precise functions and molecular mechanisms warrant further investigation. It has been demonstrated that VDAC1 can be mono‐ or polyubiquitinated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin in a PINK1‐dependent manner, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease [38, 39] and liver fibrosis [40].