PTPN22 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, the INSrs689/A and PTPN22 rs2476601/A alleles have been linked to insulinautoantibodies presence in children with T1DM predisposition (Ilonen et al., 2013; Lempainenet al., 2015; Torn et al., 2015),while the CTLA4 rs231775/G allele was associated with an increasedrisk of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) (Krischer et al., 2015).