Our findings demonstratedthat the race-adjusted wGRS, which included HLA-DR/DQ genotypes and5 non-HLA SNPs (rs689/INS, rs2476601/PTPN22,rs251775/CTLA-4, rs2304256/TYK2, andrs2292239/ERBB3), exhibited higher accuracy in identifyingindividuals at risk for T1DM compared to the other GRSs constructed in our study. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.