Most studies of NPM1 mutated AML have focussed on the aberrant localisation of the mutated protein from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm, along with factors that are expelled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in consort, including CTCF, FBW7γ and PU.1 (also known as SPI1) (Bonetti et al., 2008; Gu et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene SPI1 and acute myeloid leukemia.