PRKN and Parkinson disease: PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) and Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PARKIN or Prkn) genes play an important role in mitophagy, mitochondrial motility, and maintaining mitochondrial size; in contrast, dysregulation of PINK1/PARKIN signaling was seen in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD and PD (Ivankovic et al., 2016; Kitada et al., 1998; Ozgenet al., 2022; Quinn et al., 2020; Valente et al., 2004; Ye et al., 2015).