For instance, while TGF-β was shown to have a pro-fibrotic effect in the progression of liver diseases such as MASLD, MASH and HCC (Tables 1–4), other studies have indicated that in liver epithelial cells, TGF-β has a minimal impact on fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.