A number of studies have demonstrated increased proinflammatory cytokines levels, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP), in the cardiac tissues of DCM animal models compared to non-diabetic control animals, which was associated with cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy (28). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.