CXCL8 and neoplasm: The production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β) activates the TGF-β signaling pathway by binding to its receptor, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of immune cells, which promotes tumor cell migration and invasion and indirectly participates in tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment (8, 21, 22).