For non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC) subtypes, anti-PD-1 monotherapy or its combinations with Ipilimumab or VEGF-targeted treatments therapies have shown promise due to the expression of PD-1/PDL-1 within the TME, despite these patients often being excluded from major trials (232, 233). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.