GBA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: For instance, the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA), a major genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease, also shows significant associations with blood measurements and inflammatory markers (e.g. haemoglobin concentration and C-reactive protein), the circulatory system (e.g. cardiac arrhythmias); endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (e.g. disorders of sphingolipid metabolism and other lipid storage disorders), and body measurements (e.g. body mass index), indicating substantial pleiotropy.