H2AX and carcinoma: In pancreatic cancer, UBE2T reduces the effectiveness of gemcitabine by regulating pyrimidine metabolism and replication stress [24]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, UBE2T promotes carcinoma progression through ubiquitination of protein kinase B, and induces resistance to radiotherapy by ubiquitination of H2A histone family member X [25,26].