INSR and neoplasm: OSI-906 and BMS-754807 are IGF-1R/IR inhibitors (Godina et al., 2024), the former of which affects tumour progression by regulating the insulin and IGF-2 signalling pathways influences tumour progression (Lodjak et al., 2023); the latter induces apoptosis and shows significant anti-tumour effects by inhibiting the ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase activity of IGF-1R (Hassan et al., 2024).